Welcome To Strictly Facts

SPEAKER_00 0:00

Welcome to Strictly Facts, a Guide to Caribbean history and culture, hosted by me, Alexandra Miller. Strictly Facts teaches the history, politics, and activism of the Caribbean and connects these themes to contemporary music and popular culture. Hello, hello, big up everyone. Thank you so much for tuning in to Strickly Facts, a guide to Caribbean history and culture. If you are no stranger to the podcast, you know we've had quite a few conversations on the various languages of the Caribbean, be that are vibrant nation languages, you know, Papi Mento and the Dutch Caribbean, and so much more. But how many times have you considered the languages that are not directly spoken, or at least in the way that I'm communicating and sharing with you now? We communicate in various ways, whether that is the body language, like the infamous Caribbean point, you know, the mouth point. Everybody knows what I'm talking about. If you know, you know, right? Um, but there are several other languages, including the wealth of Caribbean sign languages, the ways that they permeate throughout the region, um, the differences amongst them. These are all things that we will be sharing today with you. So this is an episode I really wanted to have, and I'm really grateful to have Christy Lee joining me. Fellow grad student, you know, we are in the trenches together. Um, she's in the Department of Linguistics at the University of California, Santa Barbara. So, Christy, thank you so much for joining me for this episode. Let everybody know a bit about yourself, your personal connection to the Caribbean, and of course, what inspired your work and passion for Caribbean Sign Languages.

SPEAKER_01 1:42

Thank

Christy Ali’s Path Into Linguistics

SPEAKER_01 1:43

you so much, Alexandria. I'm so honored to be on Strictly Facts. Um, hi everyone. As Alexandria said, I'm Christy Ali. I am a PhD candidate in linguistics at the University of California, Santa Barbara. I'm from Trinidad and Tobago. I was born there, I grew up there, and I lived there until I moved for my PhD two years ago. So um what inspired me is a long story, but I'll try to make it as brief as possible. So I got into linguistics in my undergrad, which I'd never heard of linguistics before. Previously, I was obsessed with learning languages and speaking languages. Um, but I had never realized that there was a whole field of science where you researched how languages were used and how they worked, and you asked questions about language, and then you went and did research and found out the answers to. And that blew my mind. And I always said I wanted to do that for the rest of my life. And luckily for me, I went to the University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, for my bachelor's and my MFO. And luckily for me, um, there were three levels of linguistics courses on sign languages, specifically on sign languages used in the Caribbean, um, taught by Professor Ben Braithwit at UE St. Augustine. Um, half of the class was on the linguistics of sign languages, particularly Trinidad and Tobago Sign Language as it was set in Trinidad. And the other half was where we were taught how to use Trinidad and Tobago Sign Language by an expert deaf teacher, Ian Dadul. So that was my first foray into uh sign languages. Um, and through those classes, um, both Ben and Ian was super inviting to come to community events, come meet more deaf people. Um, they were both very of the view that if you're learning a sign language, you should be embedded in the community. You should know deaf people, you should sign with deaf people, you should learn from deaf people. So I went to a lot of uh deaf events, and Ian is a very well-known leader in the community. He's an advocate for sign language rights for deaf people in Trinidad and Tobago. And so through Ian, I learned a lot about what the community wanted and what it was trying to do. Um, it wanted legal recognition for Trinidad and Tobago Sign Language to improve primarily the education of deaf kids and deaf adults. So um there's a lot of issues that I could go into, but I'll keep it brief, that would be improved by recognizing that Trinan-Tobago Sign Language was a real language and that it was the primary language of deaf people in Trinidad, and the kids deserved access to it. So Ian had a lot of experience with that, and he shared so many ideas with me. And so this was my first experience with community-based research and activism as well, as opposed to like academic-led research. And I understood the balance of both and how academia is not the expert, and how academia is actually always trying to catch up with community members. So um I was really, really lucky that um Ben, my professor, was really encouraging to like follow what deaf people want and say. So, because of that, I really got roped into the community. And so I think what really helps is having personal connections and making friends. You know, I suddenly became friends, good friends with Ian and other deaf people, and that was it. I was just continuing doing that. I um did a lot of volunteering and I eventually ended up working for a deaf-led organization called Deaf Empowerment and Advancement Foundation, D D E A F. Um, I worked for another nonprofit that wasn't deaf-led but served the deaf population. Um I went on trips with both Ian and then to different parts of the Caribbean to meet other deaf communities, to do the same thing that we were doing in Trinidad there, to like get to know what they wanted, what their situation was, how well documented and resourced were their sign languages, how many protections and rights do they have? Um, because for both of them, their passion wasn't just lay in Trinidad. They wanted to do a pan-regional project in sharing resources across countries, um, making connections across communities, and yeah, just working together to achieve more. So that's the brief of it. Um it's been seven years since um that started. Um, so a lot have happened. But yeah, that's that's how I've started my passion because of signal with linguistics.

SPEAKER_00 6:26

Thank you so much for sharing that. I'm always intrigued and just, you know, really moved by how we get our starts. I think, especially when we get into grad school, it feels like, you know, we're here and we're doing this thing and we're just trying to get to graduation. And um, I always love that reminder of my why and other people's why uh as we're you know moving through regularly, right?

How Caribbean Sign Languages Begin

SPEAKER_00 6:48

Um, but I definitely want to kick us off. You know, you touched a bit on, you know, the need for documentation and other aspects of Caribbean sign languages that you're speaking. And you know, when I think of oftentimes uh, you know, whether that's English in the region, but you know, that also applies to several other languages. We think of the ways that they came to the region, you know, through colonization, and you know, which ones are really get uplifted versus which ones don't. Could you speak to a little bit of, you know, in general, how Caribbean sign languages really got their start, whether that's you know, through missionaries coming in, um, and maybe if that's not the case, but you know, what really sparked their growth within the region? Because obviously, you know, deaf communities are across the world.

SPEAKER_01 7:37

Yeah, absolutely. That's such a good question. And I I do agree, knowing the history really helps to know where we're headed. Um, so I'll start off by saying that you may have heard of American Sign Language. So um people usually think of American Sign Language when they hear sign language. Um, and a misconception people have is that there's one sign language. I hear this a lot. How come there isn't a universal sign language? And wouldn't that be useful to have a universal sign language? And I always try to tell people, what about the diversity of spoken languages? Um, the same way that spoken languages vary are diverse, there's 7,000 spoken languages at the moment. So too, the sign languages are diverse. So in terms of the origins of sign languages, to an extent they do mirror the origins of spoken languages. So you can imagine some spoken languages do descend from our parents' spoken languages, so like French descending from Latin, for example. Um, American Sign Language is a good example of that. American Sign Language descended from French Sign Language, and that's true of other European languages. Um, in the Caribbean and in the global south is a bit different because uh deaf education doesn't play as much of a role in um the origins of sign languages. So there's lots of rural areas where the communities don't use the sign language in formal education, the users outside of formal education. It emerged naturally in a community where there's multiple generations of a family where there's multiple deaf people in different generations, and the language emerged out of like a need to communicate

ASL Influence Through Schools And Churches

SPEAKER_01 9:20

with one or a few deaf people, and then it was passed down to um further generations and nativized acquired natively by young people. So you could say it emerged organically. So that's one way sign languages can emerge, so without any influence of other sign languages. But in the Caribbean and in Africa and Asia, um American sign language does play a huge role in the emergence of new sign languages through missionaries, as you identified, um, but also through the setting up of uh schools and the introduction of American sign language into the schools as the right or proper way of signing. Um, so missionaries, you're right, they have been in the region for many, many decades and they'll continue to be there. Um, Canadian and US missionaries who uh bring ASL and try to convert deaf people. Um, and it's quite powerful because oftentimes deaf people are isolated in families who don't want to sign with them. But these churches present like an opportunity for social communication and having a social network because they're usually hearing people in those churches because they really want to convince you who sign very fluently. Um, so churches can be a huge factor for deaf people to make friends, to have a network. And then in deaf education, there were missionaries and proponents of uh ASL coming to the region, um, particularly around the 60s, 70s, and 80s, and introducing ASL to those teachers in the schools who were all hearing, by the way. So they don't know what the best way is, right, for deaf people to learn. They just know that, hey, this comes from the global north. It seems great. Um, and so ASL was introduced as a method that you can communicate with deaf kids. And so that in the 60s, 70s, and 80s presented a major shift for a lot of deaf communities in the Caribbean, particularly Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Grenada, a bunch of other, like Cuba, lots of other um Caribbean territories. So if there was a sign language before, it was now being dominated by ASL. And in some cases, the former sign language has persevered. So in Trinidad and Tobago, there's still Trinidadbago Sign Language, which was what they were using before ASL was introduced. But of course, with ASL being introduced into the schools and schools being a major um transmitter of language, the newer generation started using ASL. And then with the introduction of globalization and media, it's so dominant in media. That's the main sign language that people see. So I like to say ASL is like the English of um sign languages because it's not the most widely used sign language natively, but everyone knows some of it, everyone's aware of it, everyone knows how prestigious it is. So in some cases, I would say it's really endangered. Um, a lot of the native sign languages. Yeah, so in total, um American Sign Language importation of American Sign Language, but also um there was some sign languages before that grew organically, some of which are very endangered. Um in the French Caribbean, French Sign Language is also used. And in the Dutch Caribbean, I know the sign language of the Netherlands is also used. So it also depends on the colonial powers of those places as well. But I think ASL is just putting me used everywhere.

SPEAKER_00 12:52

In

Local Variation And Language Hierarchies

SPEAKER_00 12:53

preparing for this episode, I was reading about the Cascade School for the Deaf in Trinidad, right? Um, so for those who may not be familiar, it's the first school of the death in Trinidad got started around the 40s. Um, but what I found really interesting about that story was, you know, they're teaching students, you know, the formalized ASL versions, right? But the students when they went back to the dorms were, you know, in effect, I'm not sure if it was college for that sign language yet, but they were uh maintaining their own versions of sign language different from um what was being taught in the classroom. But again, to your point, right, these things get waned out over generations and you know if they're not passed down, etc. Um you made a really interesting point, you know, comparing like the ASL to English. How do you see various Caribbean sign languages differing from those of, you know, the major like colonial influences? So, you know, for Trinidad or for Jamaica, it would be Jamaican Sign Language to ASL, but it could be, you know, Dutch Sign Language and Kurosaian Sign Language. How are those similar? How are they different?

SPEAKER_01 14:02

Yeah, uh well, first of all, I really like that you brought up Cascade School for the Deaf because I do think um those kids, when the teachers weren't looking sign in their own way, um, that's what we've now known to be Trinidad Sign Language. And I find that such a beautiful act of resilience. And that's not just about those deaf kids. I think that Caribbean people in general are very resilient about the use of language, that we have kept our ways of speaking despite hundreds of years of brutal colonialism. So I just want to say that. That that's that's also something that really moves me. But yeah, I when I say that ASL is like the English of sign languages, people are like, oh yeah, ASL is like English, sign languages like English. I'm like, no, no, no, I didn't mean that. I don't mean it's the same as English. Um, because that's another misconception, is that it's just English on the hand, right? It has English grammar, and that's not true. So they're very, very different from each other. And sign languages very differ from each other as well. So as you mentioned, Jamaica, so there is a national sign language called Jamaican Sign Language. And even though it's called Jamaican Sign Language, there's variation within that. So Jamaica is very big, um, has lots of different deaf schools, it's just massive, right? So there's different, I mean, in different parishes, people probably sign differently and all sorts of things. There's also a country sign in Jamaica that um emerged in Top Hill, uh kind of a more rural area that didn't have any influence from ASL or Jamaican Sign Language, and those people have been really resilient in keeping country sign as well. So just within one territory, you can have multiple sign languages or multiple varieties. So there's so many misconceptions. Not one universal sign language, not like English or other spoken languages, and there's not one sign language per country as well. I think the one sign language per country is such a such a European colonial mentality because Europe is very much like one language, one nation, right? Which the US has adopted. Um and so people have this idea of one nation has to have one language. Um, we know what it's like in the US. Um, but that's not really true. Multilingualism is the norm in the world before it was crushed by colonization. Um and that's just true of sign languages and true of spoken languages too. So, in terms of differences, I would say the national sign languages may tend to be similar because they tend to be the ones influenced by ASL, but they're still quite different. So a Trinidadian and a Jamaican who know Trinidadian speaker sign language and Jamaican Sign Language will be able to communicate, right? So that's probably ASL vocabulary in common. But a lot of the grammar is going to be so different. Um just the Jamaicanists of the Trinidadianists will be so different. Um, but those like national sign languages are the ones that tended, I mean, that they tend to be the national ones because they are influenced by ASL as well. And the smaller, less recognized sign languages like country sign, um, tend to be more marginalized and stigmatized, even. So people who grew up um using country sign, maybe when they move to the town or the city and meet other deaf people who use Jamaican sign language, may stop using country sign because it's more prestigious to use Jamaican sign language, it's more proper. So even within our territories, we have these hierarchies of what is better, right? Because it's it's approximating American Sign Language. So that's another issue of are we endangering smaller sign languages in territories by having this idealistic idea of one nation, one sign language. And so when there is language policy being written, culturally, this is my dream, is that there's language policies written in the Caribbean for every territory that includes all of our native languages, including sign languages. Um, I hope that we don't forget that there are different smaller sign languages. And even if there's small, um, like in St. Vincent and the Grenadines, there's people in the Grenadines who use a different way of signing. But it doesn't matter if it's small, it's so important to um protect people's native languages because that's the way they get information. If there's another hurricane or if there's another natural disaster, what language are they going to be receiving information in? You can't assume that they're going to just use a national sign language and that's access for all. So it has huge consequences.

SPEAKER_00 18:34

I think that's really an interesting point when we're talking about you know the fact that uh in general, maybe a uh somebody signing from internal sign language could communicate generally with the, you know, somebody signing in Jamaican Sign Language, for instance. But those regional differences are really interesting to me. One side of my family is from St. Elizabeth, and so the Jamaican country sign language is you know a big part of what's uh primarily out there in, you know, rural parts of the island like St. Elizabeth. Um I'll include this in the transcript for you all so all of our listeners could see it. But could you offer us an example of, you know, maybe how a country sign language or a sign language of a more rural place would differ from the national sign language?

SPEAKER_01 19:20

Yeah, so I can give you an example of Trinidad. Um so uh there's the national sign language, so let's take the word mother, so in Trinidad, Tobago Sign Language, which is not what they call the national sign language. You can sign mother like this, which is actually the same as mother in ASL, which is where it comes from. Um, but the older, more smaller um variety of Trinan Tobago Sign Language, the one that emerged before the introduction of ASL, um, you would sign mother like that. Um, and that has its own story because the folklore is that um the mother is signed like that in old Trinan Tobago Sign Language because it looks like uh mother spanking um a child's butt or something. And it's like, and this is what is great about our own sign languages as well, that they have like incredible stories. Whereas the ASL visions really are like, well, this is what it looks like. We don't really know why. And it seems more proper and smoothie, but yeah, I'll I'll definitely send you those examples.

SPEAKER_00 20:22

Put in the transcript. Yes, definitely. Thank you so much. I look forward to it.

Bay Islands Tactile Signing And History

SPEAKER_00 20:28

Um I think is great about your research, as you were noting a little bit earlier, is that you've really traveled far and wide studying various Caribbean sign languages and you know how they differ, how they're similar, and even beyond what you know we've been talking about as sort of the national sign languages, if they are referred to as that. Um place that you have done research in though is the Bay Islands and studying Bay Island Sign Language, which I think is not only you know integral for our conversation in general on sign language, but you know, there are so many times where there are parts of that I consider, you know, parts of the Caribbean that, you know, aren't traditionally considered parts of the Caribbean, right? And so for those who might not know, the Bay Islands are off the coast of Honduras, um, but you know, through migrations, through movements and all of these things, especially, you know, there is a distinction between like mainland parts of South America and Central America and how they fall into, you know, more Caribbean cultures just based off, you know, where they fall in the world. Could you talk to us a bit about Bay Island Sign Language and even your experiences as an interpreter as well?

SPEAKER_01 21:46

Yeah, absolutely. So I love what you said about the Bay Islands because I agree it's one of those places that aren't deemed to be Caribbean. But from my experience, uh being there, they have such a Caribbean identity that when I say I'm from Trinidad, it's like, oh my god, you're from Trinidad. Like we learned about Trinidad at school. And I'm like, we didn't learn about you. And I feel so bad, you know? Because they really were like, where's the same? What's in the Caribbean? It's so incredible. That is one of the best experiences of my life, is really working in the Bay Islands because it's really transformed how I see the Caribbean, how I see myself as a Caribbean person. And, you know, identify as a Caribbeanist, and that's really transformed that definition of Caribbeanist as well. So I mean they're descendants of enslaved Africans in the Bay Islands and their former um colonizers as well. There's the Garifuna people, there's you know Latinx people from mainland, but it's it's just a beautiful, diverse place, and it's in the Caribbean Sea. Um, it's not politically, you know, run by Honduras, but there's still this really strong sense of um a Caribbean identity. And my work there was also working with um a community. I did research there with Ben and Ian as well. Um we made an initial trip in 2016 because Ben knew people there. He knew there was deaf people there, um they wanted to talk to us. So we went, we met a lot of people, we made some initial recordings, we were like, yeah, they have their own sign language. But what I didn't realize was that um there were generations of deaf people, but a lot of them were blind as well. And through talking to people, we discovered that people were born deaf and then became blind later on in life. So they gradually started losing their vision until they became um completely blind, and that happened across generations. And so it seemed like it's a genetic um syndrome that causes that. But what was so interesting was that they would touch each other's hands to sign. They touch each other's hands on bodies, sometimes even face to sign on them. And so, unlike you know, visual sign languages where you know, just people just sign in front of their own bodies, um, they were touching each other's bodies and the other person was like perceiving the language through the touch. And that was even which is even more incredible, people thought that this was really normal, right? So when people didn't think it was anything weird about, well, you touch an older deaf person's body or hands to sign to them. Um, and there were lots of people who told us when they were growing up it was just normal to do that. Um, but they never thought anything about it. So I think some people never even thought about um it not being normal. Um, but it's actually extremely rare to have a community with so many deaf blind people and to have a tactile sign language is what is called um being used there. So that was really incredibly just fascinating. And this community was super interested in their family history, their oral history, community history. And so they really wanted to document that. Um, more so than the language itself, because um the youngest deaf person was over 50. And so um, really, if there's no children acquiring a language, um, no deaf children at least acquiring a sign language, then it is unlikely to be passed on, right? So they're hearing people who sign, but they're not going to use it primarily unless there's a deaf person. So what they were more interested in was documenting their history. And so in 2018, we got a grant from the Endangered Languages Documentation Project to document this language. And we the three of us lived there for three months, you know, going to people's houses every day, talking to them, recording videos. Um, they would tell stories about their past. Um, we record conversations between two or three people, we would do interviews, um, we go around the island and they tell us things about, I don't know, their past and stuff. And we have 50 hours of video recording of the sign language and have a wealth of oral history. Um so apart from just being a really incredible sign language, you know, a tight sale sign language, it just is a really important part of Caribbean history, I feel like, you know, just because the Bay Islands are left out, at least in all parts of the Caribbean, as being part of the Caribbean, but also their history tells a lot about the history of the Bay Islands. You know, a lot of their stories go back a hundred years because it has been passed down generation to generation. And so I was learning about the history of the Bay Islands while I was learning the language, right? And so just one of the ways that being a linguist has really improved my entire life by really, really opening my mind to the possibilities of what it what it means to be Caribbean.

SPEAKER_00 26:40

You made a point that I think is really beautiful, just like, you know, we go in thinking we're studying one thing, right? You're there and you're, you know, we're gonna document the language, but language tells so much of our history through that too, right? Um and just even uh, you know, uh holding to the fact that you can learn so much about people, about the history of our colonization even right from some of these various ways that we communicate so thank you so much for sharing that um and you know, sharing a bit about your experience in the background. Uh

Sign Language In Caribbean Pop Culture

SPEAKER_00 27:15

I definitely have to ask this question uh go-to-free facts question of every episode, but one that, you know, I think is very uh apt at this moment where uh in my view, right? I don't think people were necessarily paying a lot of attention to sign language until it became, you know, there are a lot of like translators and interpreters during performances and concerts and things, right? And now we have TikTok and all the apps, and you know, an interpreter will go viral because not only are they signing, but they're like jamming while they're signing, right? So, what are some of your favorite examples of this history of Caribbean sign language showing up in our popular culture today? That's such a good question.

SPEAKER_01 28:03

Um, I think that yeah, the interpreters are actually the most visual um parts of sign language today, but they tend to be from the US still. So I think that Caribbean Sign Languages haven't really made it mainstream and like in world media, but um social media is such an important platform for deaf people in the Caribbean. Like that's where everything happens. Um and I mean, even there's some bad representation of sign language in the media where do you know of all these cases where there's a fake interpreter who's signing? Yeah, I know that's wild. Yeah. Sometimes that's what people's first thought is about sign language. They're like, do we want to interpret it? Like, I'm like, yes, I know it happens way too often. But um, if I were to think of the Caribbean, so I would think about my first thing that comes to mind is all of the amazing videos that have been created and posted on um social media by deaf Caribbean people. Um, there's stories, there's jokes. Um, I think you kind of have to be in it to see it though. Like kind of it's a bit niche content. Um, just because like deaf culture is so different from the way hearing people use language and how we act. Like people love acting out uh things, love using language in like a really funny way. And there's a lot of videos that I will like scroll through Facebook or something and see someone um, I don't know, acting out maybe a story of when they went to school and a teacher did this, and they're like acting really on point, and they did a lot of editing and stuff like that. And I I just think that people are so creative, well, infinitely creative in the Caribbean. And I don't know, deaf people are just it just feels really terrible that ableism really puts this light on people as being like deficient or less than, or like they can't be funny, or like they can't have their own culture or their own funny ways of using that. That's that's really unfortunate because I don't know. I I invite everyone to get involved in their deaf community, local deaf community respectfully by learning um how to sign the local sign language and being really respectful and getting to know deaf people on you know a personal way, a personal level. Um, you'll find that they have so much to say um that will blow your mind, that will, you know, revolutionize what it means to be a Caribbean person, what it means to be a person from your country. Because yeah, there's this super marginalized, historically marginalized community in your country that you even know of with their own ways of speaking, their own culture. Yeah, that's that's my initial thought is the social media.

SPEAKER_00 30:46

I agree. I think I've seen um some amazing pictures by Jamaican sign language interpreter Tony Aiken. Um just to watch their work, I think is amazing. Um, so I will definitely, you know, find some of those clips and link them for our listeners, not only on the Strictly Facts website, on our Strictly Facts syllabus, but also in our transcript for this episode as well.

SPEAKER_01 31:11

Yeah, something I forgot to mention. Sorry, but um, maybe Tony has done this before, but like interpreting uh Caribbean music, Caribbean songs into Jamaican Thai language or Chinese Thai language, like um there's a lot of soaker songs that have been interpreted into Chinatown Scientist, and so it's the same for Jamaica. So yeah, it's another favorite of mine.

SPEAKER_00 31:31

We will link those for all y'all to check out.

Language Rights As Social Justice

SPEAKER_00 31:34

Um, you brought us to, you know, my final question though, as you were talking about the uh issues with ableism and you know, how people just are are maybe not even conscious or aware of some of the systemic issues. Um what are your hopes, you know, for increased equity for the deaf and hearing impaired communities in the region and really how can we increase access and understanding and you know, greater opportunities for them to be improved?

SPEAKER_01 32:04

Yeah, it's it's a great question. Quite complicated. Um, I'll go from my bias perspective first, is that I think that language is everything. Um, I think that language rights are social justice rights. Um if you can legally recognize people's uh native languages, you they can thrive in education, they can have access to education in their own language, which would improve their education levels. They can have access to interpreters in medical settings and justice settings everywhere, and they can have better employment rates if they have access to interpreters in their languages. Uh there'll be less um, even on a second gender thing, like there'll be less gender-based violence if women had access to services in their language, if queer and trans deaf people had access to services in their language. Um, so I think that in order to do that, you have to one know that their language exists, um, that they're not just doing gestures, they're not just using English on their hands. Um, you have to know that it exists, you have to document their language, which a lot of deaf researchers are doing at the moment. And, you know, it's really amazing. Um I think that knowing someone's language, knowing that it exists, is to know someone's humanity. So that's my biased answer. Um, other people come at it from different perspectives, but eventually I think we get to the same point.

SPEAKER_00 33:30

And that they all should be recognized as part of our national languages, right? In the same way that, you know, for centuries, activists have um, you know, advocated for us to not deem Katwa or you know, Jamaica's national language as lesser than English, right? It is definitely in that same category. Not only should like a Jamaica sign language not be looked down upon compared to like ASL, but we should be um holding it to the same regard because it's a way that a portion of our community of our Christy, I thank you so much for joining us. I really

Closing And How To Follow

SPEAKER_00 34:12

appreciate your time and expertise in sharing with our CycliFacts family about sign languages in the Caribbean as a little speech. This isn't the only episode we'll be having. So um I will leave that answer for our listeners. We will be having a follow-up conversation very soon. But other than that, again, Christy, thank you so much to our CycliFacts listeners. I really hope you enjoyed this episode. I think I learned a lot, um, and I hope you did as well. So till next time, a couple more. Thanks for tuning in at CricklyFacts. Visit CricklyFactspodcast.com for more information from each episode. Follow us at CricklyFacts Pod on Instagram and Facebook and at CricklyFacts on Twitter.